Legal Current Affairs for 11 November 2025

Act came into effect on November 9, 1995, this day is observed annually as National Legal Services Day to mark its implementation.
Objective: Establish legal aid organisations to ensure that no citizen suffering from economic or other barriers is denied an equal opportunity for getting justice.
Institutional Framework
National Legal Services Authority (NALSA): Chief Justice of India shall be the Patron-in-Chief.
State Legal Services Authorities (SLSA): Chief Justice of the High Court shall be the Patron-in-Chief.
District Legal Services Authorities (DLSA): Headed by District Judge.
Eligibility:
SC/ST members, women and children, victims of trafficking or disasters, the mentally ill or disabled, industrial workmen, persons in custody, and those with income below the prescribed limit (below ₹5 lakh for Supreme Court cases).
States can decide the threshold for eligibility under the act which varies from 1 Lakh to 3Lakh.
Senior citizens’ eligibility for free legal aid depends on the Rules framed by the respective State Governments.
Legal aid Funds: Provides for the National, State, and District Legal Aid Funds.
Establishment of Lok Adalats: Alternative dispute resolution mechanism that settles cases amicably, including pre-litigation matters.

It is India’s first dedicated solar mission.
It was launched in 2023 by PSLV-C57
Objectives: To understand Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Acceleration; flares and near-earth space weather; Solar wind distribution and temperature anisotropy etc.
Lifespan: 5 years
Remote Sensing Payloads: VELC, Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT), etc.
In-situ Payloads: Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX), etc.
It placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million km from the Earth.
Halo orbit is a periodic, three-dimensional orbit at L1 involving Sun, Earth and a spacecraft.
At Lagrange points, the gravitational pull of two large masses precisely equals the centripetal force required for a small object to move with them.

Signed: in 1987
It is a global legally binding treaty to eliminate production and use of Ozone depleting Substances (ODS).
Implemented under the Vienna Convention (adopted in 1985).
Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol: Adopted in 2016 to phase-down production and consumption of HFCs (non-ODS but potent greenhouse gases).

Rana’s 243.7 is a world-title winning score in the Olympic 10m air pistol event; Hu Kai took silver on 243.3.
Varun Tomar won bronze (221.7), marking the first time two Indians medalled in the same Worlds pistol event.
India’s men (Rana, Tomar, Shravan) totalled 1754 for team gold in 10m air pistol.
Rana and Tomar both shot 586 in qualification; Rana led on 27 inner-10s to Tomar’s 26.

Right to Vote: It is a statutory right granted under the RPA, 1951 and is not a Fundamental Right.
Freedom of Voting: It is considered part of Article 19(1)(a) (guarantees all citizens the right to freedom of speech and expression).
It covers the voter’s ability to express preference, including choosing a candidate or selecting NOTA (None of the Above), but this expressive freedom exists only when an actual poll occurs.
Issue of Uncontested Elections: Under Section 53(2) of the RPA, 1951, if the number of contesting candidates is equal to the number of seats to be filled, no poll is conducted. Instead, the Returning Officer declares the candidates elected uncontested using Form 21 (for general elections) or Form 21B (for by-elections).
With no poll, voters cannot exercise freedom of voting or use NOTA. The petitioners argue that this denies voters the opportunity to express dissatisfaction through NOTA, thereby violating their Article 19(1)(a).
The Union government said that NOTA is not a candidate under Section 79(b) of the RPA, 1951. Therefore, NOTA cannot be used to demand a poll in uncontested elections.

In India, the money supply is measured using M1, M2, M3, and M4, a classification introduced by the RBI in April 1977. Since then, the RBI has regularly published data on the following four measures:
M1 (narrow money) includes:
Currency with the public (notes and coins, excluding banks’ cash)
Demand deposits with the Banking Systems (excluding inter-bank deposits)
Other deposits with the RBI (from foreign central banks, financial institutions, etc.)
M2: The second measure of money supply is M2, which consists of M1 plus post office savings bank deposits.
M3: M3 (broad money), the third measure of money supply, includes M1 plus time deposits with commercial and cooperative banks, excluding inter-bank time deposits.
M4: M4, the 4th measure of money supply, includes M3 plus all post office deposits (both time and demand deposits) and is the broadest measure of money supply

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has issued the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2025, updating the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, particularly Rule 3(1)(d).
These 2025 rules effective from 15th November 2025, aim to tighten procedural safeguards around the removal of unlawful online content.
Rule 3(1)(d) of the IT Rules, 2021 requires internet intermediaries to remove or disable access to unlawful content upon receiving a government order or notification.
This process operates alongside Section 79(3)(b) of the IT Act, 2000, which removes safe-harbour protection if intermediaries fail to take action after receiving “actual knowledge,” and Section 69A which empowers the Central Government to block public access to online information if necessary for national security, sovereignty, or public order.