Legal Current Affairs for 14 November 2025

Hydrogen produced using renewable energy, such as solar or wind power, instead of fossil fuels.
Process: By electrolysis (splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen) or gasification of biomass.
Criteria: Emissions from the process should not be more than 2 kg of CO₂ equivalent for every 1 kg of Hydrogen produced.
India’s First 3 Green Hydrogen Hubs: Deendayal Port (Gujarat), V.O. Chidambaranar Port (Tamil Nadu), and Paradip Port (Odisha).

Special Partnership: India is Bhutan’s leading development partner.
The 1949 Treaty of Friendship (revised in 2007) established mutual sovereignty, close cooperation and open borders.
Strategic Convergence: Close coordination on regional stability, secure borders (significant for India’s Chicken Neck, e.g. Doklam conflict in 2017) and sustainable development.
Economic Linkages:
Bilateral trade: With $1.7 Billion (In 2023-24 excluding electricity), India is Bhutan’s largest trade partner, (nearly 80% of Bhutan’s trade)
FDI from India: 55% of total FDI in Bhutan.
People-to-People Ties: Shared Buddhist heritage and robust cultural exchanges.

About Quantum Diamond Microscope
Technology: Uses nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond to image magnetic fields at nanoscale resolution at room temperature.
Applications: Enables advanced research in neuroscience, materials science and non-destructive semiconductor testing.
Significance: Secures India’s first patent in quantum sensing and strengthens national capabilities in frontier instrumentation.

About PPV&FRA Act, 2001
Objectives: To establish an effective protection system for plant varieties, farmers’ and breeders’ rights; encourage new variety development and seed industry growth.
It recognizes following rights:
Farmers’ rights: Registration and protection of new, farmers’, and extant varieties; rewards for conservation.
Researchers’ rights: Use of any registered variety for experiments.
Breeders’ rights: Exclusive rights to produce, sell, import or export etc.
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority (PPV&FRA): Established in 2005 as a statutory body under Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Functions: Registration of new plant varieties, national gene bank etc.

An aurora is a natural light display in the night sky, usually only appearing in lower Polar Regions.
They occur when high-energy charged particles from the Sun collide with atoms in the upper atmosphere.
E.g. Oxygen (green and red light), Nitrogen (blue and purple).
Near the North Pole, it is called an aurora borealis or northern lights and near the South Pole, it is called aurora australis or the southern lights.

About: The Lesser Florican is the smallest bird in the bustard family. It has a small body with longish bill and legs.
Distribution and Habitat: Breeds in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.
They are found in productive lowland grasslands (below 250 m), dry grasslands with scattered scrub, and sometimes in cotton and millet fields.
It is a rare summer visitor to the Terai region of Nepal.
Conservation Status: IUCN Red Lis (Critically Endangered)
Wildlife Protection Act,1972 (Schedule I)
CITES (Appendix II)

About: It is an autonomous body, formally inaugurated in 1954 and registered in 1956 under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, to promote Indian literature.
Awards & Honours: It gives 24 Literary Awards and 24 Translation Awards each year, along with the Bhasha Samman for contributions to unrecognised and classical/medieval languages.
Sahitya Akademi Awards: Started in 1954, these are annual awards for outstanding literary works in 22 scheduled languages, English, and Rajasthani. It is India’s 2nd-highest literary honour after the Jnanpith Award.