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Current Affairs 28 December 2025

Enhancing Nature-based Solutions for an Accelerated Climate Transformation (ENACT) 

  • About: ENACT is a global partnership designed to accelerate action on climate change, land degradation, and biodiversity loss by championing and scaling up NbS. 
  • Governance & Origin:  It was launched at UNFCCC COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh by the Egyptian Presidency with Germany and IUCN. IUCN hosts ENACT’s secretariat and leads its implementation. 
  • Primary Function: Acts as a collaborative hub for both state and non-state actors to align efforts, build political support, and advocate for evidence-based NbS policies across the three Rio Conventions (UNFCCC, CBD, UNCCD). 
  • Quantifiable Global Goals (Outcomes): 
  • Human Resilience: Enhance protection for over 1 billion vulnerable people, with a dedicated focus on at least 500 million women and girls. 
  • Ecosystem Integrity: Secure up to 2.4 billion hectares (ha) via a combined strategy of protection (45M ha), sustainable management (2B ha), and restoration (350M ha). 
  • Climate Mitigation: Significantly boost global carbon sequestration by protecting, conserving, and restoring carbon-rich ecosystems across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine realms. 

Subansiri River 

  • The Subansiri River (Chayul Chu in Tibet) is a trans-Himalayan river and the largest tributary of the Brahmaputra River. 
  • Originating in the Tibetan Himalayas, it enters India near Taksing in Arunachal Pradesh, flows through the Miri Hills, and joins the Brahmaputra in Assam at Jamurighat. 

BlueBird Block-2

  • About: The BlueBird Block-2, is the heaviest payload ISRO has placed into orbit, surpassing the previous record of 5,700 kg (OneWeb satellites).  
  • The satellite was injected into a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) of approximately 520 km altitude. 
  • Objective: It will provide direct-to-mobile connectivity, enabling 4G and 5G connectivity directly to mobile phones without requiring specialized ground stations. 
  • Commercial Significance: This is ISRO’s 3rd commercial mission using LVM-3, following two OneWeb satellite launches in 2022 and 2023.  
  • Despite global alternatives like SpaceX’s Falcon-9 and the ESA’s Ariane 6, the LVM-3 underscores ISRO’s capacity for heavy launches at much lower cost. 

Agnipath Scheme 

  • About: Launched in June 2022, is a short-term military recruitment programme. Recruits under this scheme are called Agniveers, and the objective is to maintain a young, agile, and technology-oriented force while optimising defence personnel expenditure. 
  • Eligibility conditions: Applicants must be Indian citizens and meet prescribed educational, physical, and medical standards of the respective service. 
  • The age limit was 17.5–23 years for the 2022 intake, and 17.5–21 years for subsequent intakes, reflecting the scheme’s focus on youth induction. 
  • Nature of Recruitment: Agniveers are enrolled for a fixed tenure of four years. They will be recruited as personnel below officer (PBOR) rank in the army, air force and navy for four years, including six months of training. 
  • Post-service Exit and Permanent Absorption:  Up to 25% of each Agniveer batch may be absorbed into the regular cadre based on performance, without any right to selection, while the remaining personnel receive skill certification to support post-service employability. 
  • Pay structure and Seva Nidhi Benefits: Agniveers earn Rs 30,000–Rs 40,000 per month over four years, contribute 30% of pay to a Agniveer Corpus Fund matched by the government, and receive a tax-free Seva Nidhi package of about Rs 11.71 lakh on exit, with no pension or gratuity. 
  • Rs 48 lakh non-contributory life insurance cover is provided during service.