Legal Current Affairs for 11 January 2026

Hypersonic Weapons are capable of speeds exceeding Mach 5 (>6,100 km/hr), offering rapid global reach and high evasion capabilities against air defence systems.
Fly at lower altitudes than ballistic missiles, making them harder to track.
Hypersonic Glide Vehicles (HGV): Launched from a rocket, similar to regular ballistic missiles, before gliding to a target.
Hypersonic Cruise Missiles (HCM): Cruise missiles are self-propelled and precision-guided weapons.
It maintains sustained and controlled flight to strike targets accurately.

It is an indigenously developed and manufactured 3.1 Petaflop supercomputing system.
It is now among the most powerful computational systems available in Indian academic institutions.
It is built using Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC)’s RUDRA series of servers and runs on an open-source software stack, including AlmaLinux.
Significance: Its performance is expected to support complex research in aerospace engineering, materials science, climate modelling, drug discovery, and advanced manufacturing.

It is a term for addressing people who have migrated from the territories that are currently within the borders of India.
Includes: Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) and Overseas Citizens of India (OCI).
PIO and OCI card holders were merged under one category of OCI in 2015.
Status of Indian Diaspora: 34.35 million (including 17.17 million NRIs) (January 2025).

Structure: A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice.
Key Properties:
Flexibility: Possesses high elasticity, capable of being stretched by up to 20-25% of its original length.
Conductivity: Conducts electricity better than copper and heat better than any other material.
Strength: Mechanical tensile strength estimated to be roughly 200 times stronger than steel by weight.
Major Applications: Boosts processing speeds in electronics, enhances battery density (EVs), strengthens filters water for desalination, etc.

Apex national facility for testing, calibration and certification of air pollution monitoring instruments.
Considered as world’s second NESL.
At present, only the UK has such a laboratory.
Benefits: Develop India-specific standards, ensured credible data for the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), industrial emission audits, etc.

Established: 2016 (restructured in 2019) under Ministry of Home Affairs.
Mandate: Coordinating Central and State drug law enforcement in controlling drug trafficking and abuse in India.
Structure: Four-tier framework (Apex, Executive, State, and District Committees)
Helps enforce the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985
Initiatives linked to NCORD:NCORD Portal by Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) provides information related to drug law enforcement; MANAS 24×7 toll-free helpline (1933); NIDAAN offender database, etc.

Stupa structures belong to the Kushan period (1st–3rd century CE).
Located along the ancient Silk Route to Kandahar.
Other Findings: Evidence of wooden superstructures, an urban settlement complex (potentially chaityas and viharas), Kushan-era pottery, copper artefacts etc.

Strategically located territory in Ladakh, north of the Karakoram watershed and an integral part of India.
Illegal cession: Pakistan occupied since 1947, unlawfully ceded to China under the 1963 China–Pakistan Boundary Agreement.
Also known as the Trans-Karakoram Tract, lying along both sides of the Shaksgam River.
Geography: Bounded by the Kun Lun Mountains and Karakoram range; it lies adjacent to the Siachen Glacier.

It is a wireless data transmission technology that uses modulated laser/light beams to transmit data through free space without optical fibre or cables.
Advantages: High bandwidth, high data rates, enhanced security, and unlicensed spectrum.
Applications: Inter-satellite links, satellite-to-ground communication, HAPS, last-mile connectivity, and disaster/emergency communication.
Key requirement: Requires clear line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver.
Limitations: Affected by atmospheric conditions such as fog, rain, dust, and turbulence.