It seeks to replace religion-based personal laws with a common law applicable to all, irrespective of religion, caste, creed, gender, or sexual orientation.
Constitutional provision:
Article 44: directs the State to endeavour to secure a uniform civil code for citizens throughout the territory of India.
Federal status: Marriage, divorce, adoption, and succession are part of concurrent list (7th schedule) allowing both Centre and States to enact laws.
Savitribai Phule (1831 – 1897)
Born in Naigaon, Satara district (Maharashtra).
Became the first female teacher in the first school for girls in Pune.
Key Contributions
Started Mahila Seva Mandal to advocate women’s rights.
Set up Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha for refuge to pregnant women at risk.
Established education trust called Native Female School, Pune.
Literary Work: Kavya Phule and Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar.
Social work: She initiated the first Satyashodhak marriage (marriage without dowry, Brahmin priests, or Brahminical rituals).
She died in 1897 while nursing patients during the plague epidemic.
Values: Equality, Justice, Compassion, Courage of Conviction, etc.
GPS Jamming/spoofing
Global Positioning System (GPS) jamming and GPS spoofing are being allegedly used in the US-Iran war.
These are two deliberate types of cyberattacks on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals to disrupt or trick the navigation systems of vehicles.
About GPS Jamming
It involves the use of a device called a jammer to disrupts and blocks authentic GNSS signals.
It overpowers weaker signals with ‘noise’ on the same frequency.
India-Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline
Inaugurated: In 2023.
Overview: It is the first cross border energy pipeline between India and Bangladesh with a capacity to transport 1 Million Metric Ton Per Annum (MMTPA) of High-Speed Diesel (HSD) to Bangladesh.
Length: It is a 131-kilometre cross-border pipeline.
Connects: Siliguri Marketing Terminal in India with the Parbatipur depot in northern Bangladesh.
NDSA
Statutory body under Dam Safety Act, 2021.
Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti
Functions
oversee safety and maintenance of specified dams across the country.
Resolving issues between the State Dam Safety Organisations
Maintaining a National level database of dams etc.