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Current Affairs 10 January 2026

Swadesh Darshan Scheme

  • Genesis: Launched in 2015, it is a flagship scheme of Ministry of Tourism. 
  • Objective: Development of theme-based tourist circuits like Buddhist Circuit, Eco Circuit, Heritage Circuit, Himalayan Circuit, etc. 
  • About Swadesh Darshan 2.0: Revamped version of Swadesh Darshan Scheme to develop sustainable and responsible destinations following a tourist & destination-centric approach. 
  • Sub Schemes Under SD 2.0
  • Challenge Based Destination Development (CBDD): It has 36 projects sanctioned under four thematic categories viz Spiritual Tourism, Culture & Heritage, Vibrant Village Program, Ecotourism and Amrit Dharohar Sites.
  • It has identified 5 destinations in Vibrant Village category including Arunachal Pradesh (Kibitho), Himachal Pradesh (Rakchham-Chhitkul), Sikkim (Grathang) and Uttarakhand (Jadung & Mana).
  • Guidelines for Tribal Homestay development: To develop 1,000 Tribal Homestays under the Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan (PM-JUGA) Scheme. 
  • Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment (SASCI) – Development of Iconic Tourist Centres to Global Scale: To infuse long term interest free loans for 50 years to States

Textile Sector in India

  • Textile and apparel industry contributes 2.3% to GDP.
  • It is the second largest employment generator, after agriculture, employing many women and rural population.
  • India is 6th largest exporter of Textiles & Apparel in the world. 
  • Key Initiatives: Amended Technology Upgradation Funds Scheme; PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) Park; National Technical Textiles Mission, etc. 

Water Vapour 

  • It is the most abundant greenhouse gas. 
  • It is condensable and can be changed from a gas into a liquid.
  • Its decreases with altitude and also decreases from equator towards the poles.
  • Account for 4% of the air by volume in warm tropics and may be less than 1% in and dry and cold areas of desert and polar regions. 

UNDESA (HQ: New York City)

  • It is a UN Secretariat entity responsible for the development pillar of the United Nations. 
  • Aim: helps countries around the world meet their economic, social and environmental goals.
  • Headed by: Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, appointed by the UN Secretary-General.
  • Major publications: World Social Report, Sustainable development goals report, World Population Prospects etc.

Sawalkot Hydropower Project 

  • Location: Chenab River, Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Type: 1,856-MW project run-of-the-river project.
  • Other Projects on Chenab River: Dulhasti-I,  Baglihar and Salal .
  • Under construction: Ratle, Dulhasti II, Kiru, and Kwar projects.

 PANKHUDI Portal 

  • It is an integrated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and partnership facilitation single-window digital platform.
  • It brings together individuals, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), corporate entities, and government agencies.
  • The portal streamlines and unifies voluntary and institutional contributions across key thematic areas including nutrition, health, Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE), child welfare, etc.
  • Aim: Strengthening coordination, transparency, and structured stakeholder participation in initiatives for women and child development.

SWAMIH Fund

  • Launch Year: 2019
  • Purpose: Provide last-mile financing to stalled residential housing projects in the affordable and mid-income segments.
  • Managed by: SBI Ventures Limited (subsidiary of State Bank of India) as a social impact investment platform.
  • SWAMIH Fund-2: Announced in Budget 2025-26, as a blended finance facility with contributions from the government, banks, and private investors.
  • This fund of ₹15,000 crore will aim for expeditious completion of another 1 lakh units.

National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)

  • About: NALSA is a statutory body constituted in 1995 under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, to monitor, evaluate, and implement legal aid programmes across India. It has completed 30 years in 2025.
  • The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the Patron-in-Chief of NALSA.
  • Constitutional Mandate: Formed to give effect to Article 39A of the Constitution of India, which mandates the State to provide free legal aid to ensure equal justice and opportunities for all citizens, particularly those with economic or other disabilities.
  • Also upholds the obligations under Article 14 (equality before law) and Article 22(1) (rights to be informed of grounds for arrest).
  • Primary Functions: Lay down policies and principles for making legal services available under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
  • Monitor and evaluate the implementation of legal aid programmes across India.
  • Disburse funds and grants to State Legal Services Authorities (SLSAs) and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) for implementing legal aid schemes and programmes.
  • Integrated Network: NALSA is the apex body of a nationwide network envisaged under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 for providing legal aid and assistance. This network includes:
  • State Legal Services Authorities (SLSAs): Headed by the Chief Justice of the respective High Court (Patron-in-Chief).

Lohit River

  • About: The Lohit River is a right-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River, originating in the Kangri Karpo range of eastern Tibet, where it is known as Zayul Chu.
  • Course: It enters India near Kibithu in Arunachal Pradesh (India’s easternmost inhabited point), flows southward through the Mishmi Hills in Anjaw and Lohit districts, and emerges into the Assam plains near Parasuram Kund and Sadiya.
  • It flows through protected areas such as Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary (AR) and Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary (AR).
  • Confluence: It joins the Siang (upper Brahmaputra) and Dibang rivers near Kobo in Assam to form the main Brahmaputra stem.
  • Hydroelectric Power Projects: Kalai-II Hydroelectric Project (1,200 MW), Demwe Lower Hydroelectric Project (1,750 MW, now stalled), Hutong (proposed), Demwe Upper (proposed).

Turkman Gate is in the news following a recent demolition drive that turned violent, recalling the Emergency (1975–77) when the area witnessed forced demolitions and coercive sterilisation drives, later examined by the Shah Commission.

  • About: Turkman Gate was one of the 14 gates of Shahjahanabad, the walled city founded by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the mid-17th century (around 1650 AD). 
  • It was named after the Sufi saint Hazrat Shah Turkman Bayabani, whose mausoleum lies in the vicinity, giving the area enduring cultural and religious significance.
  • History: The significance of Turkman Gate predates Mughal Delhi. The area formed part of an important pre-existing urban and spiritual landscape, reflecting Delhi’s role as a major centre of Sufism. 
  • The saint Shah Turkman Bayabani is traditionally associated with early ascetic Sufi traditions in Delhi, and the proximity of Razia Sultan’s grave to his shrine indicates the reverence attached to the site over centuries.
  • Location: The gate stood along a key arterial route linking Fatehpuri Masjid – Hauz Qazi – the old Yamuna belt, a thoroughfare that was incorporated into Shahjahanabad’s urban design. Today, it is located in Old Delhi, near Jama Masjid.
  • Significance: Like other gates of the walled city, Turkman Gate served both defensive and commercial functions, protecting the city from external threats while regulating the movement of people and goods. 
  • It survived major historical disruptions, including the Revolt of 1857, colonial-era demolition of city walls, Partition, and subsequent commercial restructuring.