Legal Current Affairs for 21 November 2025

Tribunals were set up to ensure specialised, efficient adjudication and speedy resolution of specific categories of cases.
Part XIV-A was incorporated into the Constitution through the Forty-Second Amendment Act, 1976.
Under Article 323-A, Parliament is empowered to establish administrative tribunals for service-related matters, while Article 323-B enables the appropriate legislature to constitute tribunals for other enumerated subjects.

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.
It is a genome-editing tool that enables scientists to cut and modify DNA sequences precisely.
It involves two key molecules:
Guide RNA: Designed to find and bind to specific parts of the target genome.
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9): It acts as molecular scissors that can cut two strands of DNA.

Legal Framework: Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act 1994 (amended in 2011).
NOTTO: National level organization under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, dealing with coordination and networking for procurement and distribution of Organs and Tissues, etc.
National Organ Transplant Program (NOTP) Scheme: Organize an efficient mechanism for organ and tissue procurement/retrieval especially from deceased donors.

A PAP is a special permit required for foreign nationals to visit certain sensitive areas in India.
Legal Framework: Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order, 1958.
Areas Covered: All areas falling between the ‘Inner line’ and the International Border of the State.
It is required for many states and Union Territories such as Mizoram, Manipur, etc.
Issuing Authority: Union Ministry of Home Affairs.
Note: Inner Line Permit (ILP) issued by the Government of India to allow inward travel of an Indian citizen into a protected area for a limited period.

Operated by:Indian Institute of Astrophysics, an autonomous institute of Department of Science and Technology (DST).
Location: Palani Range of hills in Southern India.
Establishment: 1899.
Telescopes : WARM (White light Active Region Monitor), H – Alpha, Twin Telescope.
Known for the discovery of Evershed Effect in 1909.
It is nearly horizontal outflow of material seen in the penumbrae of sunspots in the photospheric layer.

Also known as Asiatic Black Bear or Moon Bear due to crescent- shaped white mark on its black chest.
Characteristics: Largely nocturnal and solitary, with occasional sightings during the day.
Life span of 15-25 years and gestation period of 200 to 240 days.
Habitat: Heavily forested broad- leaved and coniferous forests.
Distribution: Himalayan region of Tibet, India, China and Bhutan.
Conservation Status:
IUCN: Vulnerable
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
Threat: Poached for its bile.

The UAE contributed $1.46 billion in global humanitarian aid in 2025.
It ranks third globally, after the United States and the European Union.
Its contribution represents 7.2% of total aid recorded by the UN for the year.
Palestine received the largest share of UAE’s assistance, followed by Sudan and other crisis-affected regions.

Fatima Bosch is the first woman from her state in Mexico to win Miss Universe Mexico.
She defeated contestants from over 100 countries to win the 74th Miss Universe title.
The pageant was hosted in Thailand, with Thailand’s Praveenar Singh named first runner-up.
Bosch studied fashion design in Mexico, Italy and the United States.