Legal Current Affairs for 29 October 2025

Paul Biya, aged 92, has secured another term as Cameroon’s President, making him the world’s oldest sitting head of state. The country’s Constitutional Council announced his victory following a tense election held on October 12, 2025. The result extends his rule, which began in 1982, into an eighth consecutive term amid growing political unrest and public discontent.
Election results and voter turnout
The Constitutional Council declared Biya the winner with 53.66% of the vote, while his main challenger, Issa Tchiroma Bakary, received 35.19%. Voter turnout was recorded at 57.7%. The election took place under tight security following weeks of protests that turned violent, leaving at least four people dead. Opposition groups alleged irregularities and claimed that the results were manipulated in favour of the ruling party.

Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 recognises excellence across 13 scientific domains.
Four award categories: Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva-SSB, and Vigyan Team.
Jayant Vishnu Narlikar honoured posthumously with the Vigyan Ratna for Physics.
Vigyan Team Award 2025 conferred on CSIR’s Aroma Mission in Agricultural Science.

Elon Musk has unveiled Grokipedia, a new artificial intelligence-powered online encyclopedia developed by his company xAI. Designed to compete with Wikipedia, Grokipedia is directly linked to Musk’s AI chatbot, Grok, which is available to premium users on his social platform X. Despite being in its early stage, Musk has boldly claimed that the new platform already outperforms Wikipedia in quality and reliability.
Launch and Early Development
Grokipedia went live on 27 October 2025 with version 0.1, which Musk described as “better than Wikipedia even at this stage.” He stated that version 1.0 would be “10 times better.” However, the site experienced downtime soon after launch, reportedly due to heavy user traffic or initial technical glitches. Once restored, Grokipedia was said to be hosting more than 885,000 articles.

Recently, China sent a new navy fleet for escort missions in the Gulf of Aden and off the coast of Somalia.
Strategic & Geopolitical: Connects key sea lanes linking the Middle East, Africa, and Asia.
It includes important chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz, Bab el-Mandeb, and Mozambique Channel.
Energy Security: Strait of Hormuz carries around 20 % of global oil shipments.
Economic: The total “ocean asset base” of the WIOR is at least USD333.8 billion.
Gateway to Africa: Acts as a bridge between Asia and Africa.

Russia has successfully tested its nuclear-powered and nuclear-capable Burevestnik missile.
It is one of six strategic weapons of Russia’s new-generation nuclear arsenal.
Type: Long-range, low-flying nuclear-powered cruise missile.
Cruise missile is powered by jet engines for continuous flight throughout their journey.

It is a blockchain-based digital currency pegged to a fiat currency (like yen or dollar) to maintain a stable value.
Purpose: It enables faster, low-cost, and secure digital transactions, bridging traditional finance and cryptocurrency.
Other key Stablecoins: Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC) etc.

Loktak lake is largest freshwater lake in Northeast India and is famous for its phumdis (floating islands of vegetation).
It has been a Ramsar site since 1990 and listed under the Montreux Record since 1993 due to ecological problems.
Location: Southern part of Bishnupur district and eastern part of Thoubal district of Manipur.
Declared wildlife sanctuary in 1954 & National park in 1977. It is the only floating park in the world.
The largest area of the Phumdi in the Loktak lake is in the Keibul Lamjao National Park.
Fauna: Brow-antlered deer(Sangai), Hog Deer, Otter.