Legal Current Affairs for 5 November 2025

About: APEC founded in 1989, is a regional forum of 21 economies that promotes balanced, inclusive, sustainable, and innovative growth while advancing regional economic integration across the Asia-Pacific.
It uses the term “economies” instead of “countries” to stress economic cooperation over political representation.
APEC works to ease the movement of goods, services, investments, and people by streamlining customs, improving business conditions, and aligning regional regulations and standards to boost trade and integration.

Location: It is located within the Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS), a part of the Kaziranga Tiger Reserve in Assam. It is an interconnected floodplain–marsh system spanning about 2.5 to 3 square kilometres.
Biodiversity: It hosts a higher diversity of bird species compared to the two existing Ramsar sites in Northeast India — Deepor Beel (Assam) and Loktak Lake (Manipur).
The 2025 Kaziranga Wetland Bird Census recorded 47,000+ birds from 75–88 species, including Knob-billed Duck, Black-necked Stork, and Ferruginous Pochard.
Ramsar Site Designation: The Rowmari–Donduwa Wetland Complex, with its rich birdlife, diverse habitats, and strong ecological links, is an ideal candidate for Ramsar Site designation.

IndQA includes 2,278 questions in 12 Indian languages across 10 cultural domains.
Developed with contributions from 261 domain experts across India.
Uses a rubric-based grading method instead of multiple-choice testing.
Benchmarked using GPT-4o, OpenAI o3, GPT-4.5, and GPT-5 models.

Yield Loss: For about 1.7 billion people, crop yields are 10% lower because of human-induced degradation.
Asian countries are the most affected – both because of their accumulated degradation debt and their high population densities.
Productivity Loss: Total factor productivity growth, which reflects technological advancement and efficiency improvements, has declined since the 2000s, particularly in the Global South.
Convergence with Food Security: Globally, 47 million children under five years of age suffer from stunting live in hotspots where stunting overlaps with significant yield losses.
Ecosystem Impact: Degradation affects all agricultural systems, undermining livestock production in rangelands and – through forest loss driven by agricultural expansion – disrupting climate patterns and biodiversity.

Bahrain is the third-smallest nation in Asia.
Location: Lies in West Asia, in the Persian Gulf.
Border: It is an archipelago of islands and has no land borders with other countries.
Neighbouring Water Bodies: Persian Gulf.
Geographical Features
Major physical region: Most of Bahrain is a desert with low-lying rocky and sandy plains.
Highest point: Jabal ad Dukham.
Umm er Radhuma- Dammam Aquifer System extends over Bahrain along with Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

Recently, the International Migration Outlook 2025 report has been released by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
In 2023, 225 000 Indian citizens acquired the nationality of an OECD country.
China and India continued to account for a third of all international students in OECD countries.

It is a single-dose, injectable vaccine that protects against typhoid fever by triggering the body to produce antibodies against the Salmonella Typhi bacterium.
Eg- Typbar TCV (manufactured by Bharat Biotech).
Caused by: Bacterium Salmonella Typhi.
Spread through: Contaminated food or water.
Symptoms include: prolonged high fever, fatigue, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation or diarrhoea.