Current Affair 06 November 2025
International Day for Biosphere Reserves
- Observed on 3rd November, this day was established by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2022 to highlight the role of biosphere reserves in conserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable development.
- It aims to raise awareness, share best practices, and showcase achievements of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR).
Amul Ranks as the World’s Top Cooperative in GDP Per Capita
- The Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), which markets dairy products under the Amul brand, has been ranked the No. 1 cooperative in the world based on GDP per capita performance, according to the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) World Cooperative Monitor 2025.
- Amul’s success stems from its three-tier cooperative structure, empowering 36 lakh milk producers through 18,600 village dairy cooperatives, promoting inclusive growth, social equity, and rural development across India.
- Constitutional Framework: The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011 granted constitutional status to cooperatives.
- It added Article 19(1)(c), giving citizens the right to form cooperative societies, and Article 43B under the DPSPs, directing the State to promote them.
- Part IXB (Articles 243ZH–243ZT) lays down the framework for their governance.
Emission Gap Report 2025
- Even the updated Nationally Determined Contribution pledges under the Paris Agreement, could lead to global temperature rise by 2.3-2.5 0C by this century.
- This falls short of Paris agreement’s goal of limiting warming to well below 2 °C, while pursuing efforts to cap it at 1.5 °C.
- GHGs emissions rose 2.3% in 2024, reaching 57.7 gigatonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
- To align with 1.5 °C target, emissions would need to fall by 55% by 2035.
- Highest absolute increase in total GHG emissions was observed in India and China. However, per capita GHG emission for India remained below the world average.
Umngot River
- Origin: Originates from the Eastern part of Shillong Peak.
- Flow: Southwards through Dawki, a small town in East Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya (near the Indo-Bangladesh border) and finally enters Bangladesh.
- Acts as the gateway to Bangladesh.
- Key Features: Forms Natural boundary between Ri Pnar (Jaintia Hills) and Hima Khyrim (Khasi Hills).
Sweden Becomes the World’s First Cashless Society
- Sweden is the first country to officially become cashless in 2025.
- Swish, launched in 2012, is the nation’s leading mobile payment app.
- The Swedish central bank is piloting its own digital currency, the e-krona.
- Most public transport, restaurants, and museums in Sweden are cash-free.
PLI Scheme
- Approved by the Union Cabinet in July 2021 to encourage production of high-value, high-grade steels used in sectors like defence, aerospace, energy, automobiles, and infrastructure.
- Key Highlights of Third Round PLI 1.2
- Scope: Covers 22 product sub-categories across five broad target segments including strategic steel grades, etc.
- Incentives: Range from 4% to 15% of incremental sales with revised base year of 2024-25.
- Incentive Period: Maximum of 5 years starting from FY 2025–26.
